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以下是巖棉生產廠家為您講解巖棉板外(wai)墻外(wai)保溫(wen)施(shi)工質量控制探析:
摘要:巖(yan)(yan)棉板(ban),又稱之為“巖(yan)(yan)棉保(bao)溫(wen)裝飾板(ban),以熔融火成(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)為主要材(cai)料噴(pen)吹成(cheng)(cheng)纖維,加入適量(liang)熱固性樹脂膠粘劑(ji)及(ji)(ji)憎(zeng)水劑(ji),經(jing)壓制、固化、切割制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)板(ban)狀制品,屬于一類新(xin)型(xing)的(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)、不燃以及(ji)(ji)吸聲的(de)(de)材(cai)料。近年來,隨著我國建筑(zhu)業的(de)(de)蓬勃(bo)發展,也(ye)帶來了環境污染及(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源浪費(fei)等問(wen)題(ti),為了起到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)環境及(ji)(ji)節約能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)作(zuo)用,便(bian)需要在建筑(zhu)施工(gong)中(zhong)合(he)理科(ke)學(xue)地使用節能(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)材(cai)料。顯然,巖(yan)(yan)棉板(ban)作(zuo)為一種節能(neng)(neng)(neng)新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)料,便(bian)具備(bei)廣泛的(de)(de)應用價值。
本(ben)課題(ti)以(yi)巖棉板性(xing)能(neng)特點以(yi)及施工條件為(wei)切(qie)入點,進(jin)一步(bu)對其施工質量控制措施進(jin)行分(fen)析,以(yi)期提高巖棉板外墻(qiang)外保溫施工的整體質量。
在社會經(jing)(jing)濟穩步發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)背景下,我國建筑(zhu)工程事業發展(zhan)迅(xun)速,對我國經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)起到(dao)了(le)(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)推動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong);但同(tong)時,建筑(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)也帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)一些(xie)不良(liang)影響,比如能源匱(kui)乏(fa)、環境污染等(deng);為了(le)(le)達(da)到(dao)節(jie)約(yue)能源、保(bao)(bao)護環境等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),便需樹(shu)立“綠色”“可持續”施(shi)工理(li)解(jie),合(he)理(li)、科學地使(shi)用(yong)一些(xie)節(jie)能、環保(bao)(bao)型建筑(zhu)材料(liao)。而對于巖棉(mian)板(ban)來(lai)(lai)說,具(ju)(ju)備保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)、隔燃(ran)以及吸聲的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),作(zuo)(zuo)為一種新型環保(bao)(bao)型建筑(zhu)材料(liao)具(ju)(ju)備廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)。鑒于此,為了(le)(le)提高巖棉(mian)板(ban)外(wai)墻外(wai)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang),本課(ke)題圍繞“巖棉(mian)板(ban)外(wai)墻外(wai)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)控制”進行分析研(yan)究具(ju)(ju)備一定的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)意義。
2 巖(yan)棉(mian)板性能特(te)點及(ji)其施工條件分(fen)析
2.1 性能特點
對于巖棉(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)而言(yan),其特(te)(te)性較為突(tu)出,主要特(te)(te)點為不(bu)燃、易(yi)切割以及(ji)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)等(deng);基(ji)于建(jian)筑行(xing)業(ye)應(ying)用(yong)廣泛。與此(ci)同時,巖棉(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)也(ye)存在表(biao)面無(wu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)的特(te)(te)性,易(yi)散落(luo)纖(xian)維(wei),一(yi)般需隱蔽應(ying)用(yong),涉(she)及(ji)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序特(te)(te)點為:(1)巖棉(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材料(liao)在進入(ru)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場,需進行(xing)質量自檢(jian),確保(bao)合(he)格(ge)(ge),再入(ru)場;入(ru)場后,需根據規范進行(xing)見證取樣復試,明確是(shi)否(fou)合(he)格(ge)(ge),是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)檢(jian)驗質量規范標準(zhun);檢(jian)驗合(he)格(ge)(ge)后,再進行(xing)后續施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)作業(ye)。(2)基(ji)于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期間,需先做基(ji)層(ceng)墻體(ti)(ti)作業(ye),不(bu)同的基(ji)層(ceng)墻體(ti)(ti),對于固定(ding)件(jian)的承載力要求有區別(bie)。值得注(zhu)意的是(shi),對于外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)墻體(ti)(ti),其功能三部(bu)分:其一(yi),結構層(ceng);其二,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng);其三,飾(shi)面層(ceng)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai),需對外(wai)(wai)墻體(ti)(ti)的保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)加以重視(shi),使保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)與結構層(ceng)之(zhi)間有效連(lian)接,使巖棉(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量得到有效提升(sheng)。
2.2 施工條件
對于巖棉板外墻,在(zai)施工過程中需滿足一些施工條件,這樣才能(neng)夠確保巖棉板外墻施工質量的提升。
總結起來,具體(ti)施工條件為:
1)確(que)保施(shi)工(gong)基面能夠達至結(jie)構(gou)主體(ti)驗收(shou)標(biao)準;同(tong)時對于基墻的(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)以(yi)(yi)及垂(chui)直度(du),需以(yi)(yi)目前國(guo)家標(biao)準驗收(shou)要(yao)求相符合,并保證墻體(ti)基墻的(de)堅實、平(ping)整(zheng)、干(gan)燥、干(gan)凈以(yi)(yi)及沒有污染物等等。2)確(que)保找平(ping)層和墻體(ti)之間粘接牢固,避免出現裂縫、脫(tuo)層以(yi)(yi)及空鼓(gu)的(de)情況;結(jie)合施(shi)工(gong)現場情況,做好樣板(ban),在(zai)樣板(ban)施(shi)工(gong)完成之后,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)大面施(shi)工(gong);此外,嚴格按(an)照規范要(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)保溫施(shi)工(gong)腳(jiao)手架的(de)安裝(zhuang),或者(zhe)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)電動吊(diao)籃的(de)安裝(zhuang),通過調試運行(xing)(xing)安全無誤之后,配(pei)專業安全檢查及維修人員,確(que)保后續工(gong)作的(de)質量及安全性(xing)。
3)巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)外墻(qiang)外保溫施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制措施(shi)分析(xi)如前(qian)所述,對巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)性能特點以及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件有了(le)一定程度的(de)(de)了(le)解,為(wei)了(le)提高巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)外墻(qiang)外保溫施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),還有必要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制措施(shi)的(de)(de)實施(shi)。總結(jie)起來,具體措施(shi)如下(xia)。
3.1 施工(gong)前準備工(gong)作措施
在巖棉(mian)板(ban)外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前期,對(dui)于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)面(mian)(mian),需(xu)(xu)合理控(kong)制溫度,即確(que)保(bao)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)環(huan)境溫度適宜;同時,如果面(mian)(mian)對(dui)一(yi)些(xie)特殊的環(huan)境,例如風力等(deng)級高,則需(xu)(xu)及時暫停施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye);處于下雨(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian),不可(ke)進行外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye);施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)遭遇(yu)下雨(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)氣候環(huan)境,可(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)防御塑料布,對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)區域進行遮擋,然(ran)后(hou)暫停作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye),待天(tian)(tian)氣好(hao)轉(zhuan)后(hou)再(zai)進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。對(dui)于墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)基層(ceng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye),針(zhen)對(dui)不同的墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian),選擇適宜的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an),以(yi)非混凝土結構砌(qi)體墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)為例,基于基層(ceng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),需(xu)(xu)抹平水泥砂漿;并(bing)且對(dui)其外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)體使用(yong)(yong)巖棉(mian)板(ban)粘貼過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),需(xu)(xu)確(que)保(bao)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)的整(zheng)潔,無(wu)污染(ran)物(wu);倘若墻(qiang)體表面(mian)(mian)有墻(qiang)皮松動、開裂以(yi)及空(kong)鼓等(deng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)隱患,需(xu)(xu)及時進行修補平整(zheng)處理;通過(guo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收達標之后(hou),再(zai)進行下一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。總(zong)之,需(xu)(xu)做(zuo)好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),以(yi)此確(que)保(bao)后(hou)續使用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的提(ti)升(sheng)。
3.2 基層處理質量控制措施
安(an)裝巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)過(guo)程中,需保(bao)證其(qi)表(biao)面的(de)平整度(du)及(ji)垂(chui)直度(du)符(fu)合(he)規范標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求,而這個標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)實現主要需在基層(ceng)處理(li)(li)期間(jian)做好彈控制線(xian)(xian)與掛(gua)準(zhun)(zhun)線(xian)(xian)作業。對(dui)于(yu)墻面需清(qing)理(li)(li)干凈,對(dui)其(qi)中的(de)油(you)漬以及(ji)浮(fu)灰等清(qing)除(chu)干凈;基于(yu)巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)粘(zhan)貼前期,需確(que)保(bao)找平層(ceng)符(fu)合(he)相關規范標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求,在基層(ceng)質量驗收合(he)格(ge)之后,進一(yi)步做好保(bao)溫施工作業。此(ci)外(wai),需以建筑立(li)面設計以及(ji)所使用(yong)到的(de)保(bao)溫施工技術為依據,基于(yu)樓層(ceng)適(shi)宜的(de)位置將水平線(xian)(xian)掛(gua)好,從而使巖(yan)棉(mian)板(ban)的(de)整體平整度(du)及(ji)垂(chui)直度(du)得到有效保(bao)證。此(ci)外(wai),需確(que)保(bao)放(fang)置的(de)垂(chui)線(xian)(xian)間(jian)距(ju)一(yi)致(zhi)。
3.3 巖棉板(ban)膠(jiao)粘劑配制(zhi)質量控制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)
在(zai)巖(yan)棉板(ban)膠(jiao)粘劑(ji)配制過(guo)(guo)程中,取適(shi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)潔凈水,往準(zhun)備好的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料桶(tong)當中倒(dao)入,然(ran)后添(tian)加(jia)適(shi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)粘劑(ji)粉料,并(bing)利用電動攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)器,一邊攪(jiao)(jiao)動,一邊添(tian)加(jia),將添(tian)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)液體量(liang)與粉末之間的(de)(de)(de)比重控(kong)制在(zai)1:5,充分攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)數分鐘之后,保(bao)(bao)證攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)均(jun)勻,滿足稠度適(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun),便可使(shi)用。此(ci)外,值得注意的(de)(de)(de)是,基于攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)過(guo)(guo)程中,需確保(bao)(bao)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)均(jun)勻,避免(mian)添(tian)加(jia)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水,確保(bao)(bao)巖(yan)棉板(ban)恰(qia)好粘貼完好,避免(mian)出(chu)現下垂的(de)(de)(de)情況。
3.4 巖(yan)棉板(ban)粘(zhan)貼質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)措施在(zai)對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)棉板(ban)進行(xing)鋪貼過(guo)程中,需遵循“自下而(er)上”的(de)(de)鋪貼原則,確(que)(que)保(bao)巖(yan)棉板(ban)貼合密實,將(jiang)錯(cuo)(cuo)縫(feng)寬度控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)≥200mm;對(dui)(dui)于(yu)大面積(ji)外墻巖(yan)棉板(ban)的(de)(de)粘(zhan)貼,需確(que)(que)保(bao)水平同縫(feng),垂直(zhi)面呈錯(cuo)(cuo)縫(feng)排(pai)列狀(zhuang)態(tai)。對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)棉板(ban)進行(xing)粘(zhan)貼之(zhi)前,需基于(yu)外墻體的(de)(de)陰陽角(jiao)位置進行(xing)粘(zhan)貼,前期需將(jiang)墨線(xian)彈好,明確(que)(que)巖(yan)棉板(ban)粘(zhan)貼的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)。此外,如果需對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)棉板(ban)進行(xing)切(qie)割(ge),需以特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)提前切(qie)割(ge)完好;基于(yu)粘(zhan)貼過(guo)程中,需確(que)(que)保(bao)板(ban)與板(ban)之(zhi)間交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)垂直(zhi)相(xiang)接(jie),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)陰陽角(jiao)也需交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)垂直(zhi),且保(bao)持(chi)平順。
3.5 抹面(mian)施(shi)工質(zhi)量控制措施(shi)
基于首道抹(mo)面層(ceng)施工(gong)(gong)期間,需(xu)保證(zheng)抹(mo)灰面界(jie)面處理(li)層(ceng)處在晾(liang)干的狀(zhuang)態當中;基于施工(gong)(gong)前(qian)期,需(xu)將(jiang)玻纖(xian)網格布以施工(gong)(gong)面嚴格控制,對(dui)每(mei)一環節的施工(gong)(gong)作業加強管理(li),監督部門需(xu)要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)設計圖紙(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)控制,及時對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)現場的情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)記錄,充(chong)分做好(hao)后期的驗收工(gong)(gong)作。
3.6 錨栓固定質量控制措施(shi)
對錨(mao)(mao)栓進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程中,需確保(bao)首層(ceng)抹面(mian)膠漿具備一定干硬(ying)度,保(bao)證能夠觸碰,然后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)后(hou)續安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)作(zuo)業(ye);與此(ci)同(tong)時,彈(dan)線控制(zhi)需符合基本要(yao)求,將巖棉板整體布(bu)局考慮好,在(zai)適(shi)宜的(de)位置進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)鉆孔作(zuo)業(ye),進(jin)(jin)一步進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)作(zuo)業(ye);基于打(da)孔過(guo)程中,錨(mao)(mao)固深度需比打(da)孔深度低,然后(hou)基于孔中將錨(mao)(mao)栓的(de)塑料圓盤裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好,然后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)錨(mao)(mao)栓芯作(zuo)業(ye),在(zai)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)期間(jian)需將內層(ceng)網布(bu)使用圓盤壓(ya)緊;此(ci)外,基于使用期間(jian),需確保(bao)錨(mao)(mao)栓的(de)施(shi)工(gong)符合建筑施(shi)工(gong)設計及質(zhi)量規范標準要(yao)求。
綜上所(suo)述(shu),巖棉板外(wai)墻外(wai)保溫(wen)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中,需做(zuo)好(hao)各項細節工(gong)作,確保施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的提升。即(ji),做(zuo)好(hao)施工(gong)前準備(bei)工(gong)作,進(jin)一步加強(qiang)基(ji)層處理質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、巖棉板膠粘劑配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)以及錨栓固定質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。此(ci)外(wai),還需要做(zuo)好(hao)面層抹面砂漿批涂(tu)施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作等(deng)。總(zong)之(zhi),相信做(zuo)好(hao)以上施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作,巖棉板外(wai)墻外(wai)保溫(wen)施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)將能夠得到(dao)有效提升,進(jin)一步為工(gong)程(cheng)項目整體施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)及安全性的提升奠定夯實的基(ji)礎。